据媒体报道,美国人的预期寿命总体上呈上升趋势。从1960年到2019年,美国人的预期寿命增加了大约10岁,达到79岁。长寿可以归因于医疗保健的改善,如诊断和医疗的进步,以及与饮食、吸烟和饮酒有关的更健康的生活方式选择。
然而,自2020年以来,预期寿命开始下降。阿片类药物滥用、新冠疫情和意外伤害(主要由药物过量引起)是过去两年预期寿命缩短三年的主要原因。
研究者还注意到某些阶层之间的明显差异。美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民的预期寿命减少了6年以上;西班牙裔和黑人减少了4年;白人和亚裔美国人,减少了大约两年。
虽然没有一个单一的因素决定整个社区的整体健康,但某些社会经济和环境因素,如获得医疗保健、药物滥用治疗、清洁空气、清洁水和负担得起的住房,对整个人口的总体健康和福祉做出了重大贡献。
根据威斯康星大学人口健康研究所2022年县健康排名和路线图,研究人员发现新泽西州预期寿命的县寿命最短。
预期寿命衡量的是一个人从出生开始预计能活的平均年数,是根据特定时期的死亡人数和这一时期面临死亡风险的平均人数计算得出的。数据不可靠或不充分的县被排除在分析之外。死亡率数据来自国家生命统计系统。
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